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Endangered Speech To the editor: “J. Howard Pew of Sun Oil. . . . was a tireless champion of free markets and individualism,” wrote R. W. Bradford in Liberty magazine. “In 1957, he created the J. Howard Pew Freedom Trust, with instructions that it use its funds to Ωacquaint the American people≈ with Ωthe evils of bureaucracy,≈ Ωthe values of the free market,≈ and Ωthe paralyzing effects of government controls on lives and activities of people.≈ . . . In accordance with those wishes, the Freedom Trust funded mostly libertarian and conservative activities, as long as its board consisted of Pew family members and friends. “But as the family members and friends died off, they were replaced by others who gradually reoriented its spending, first toward mainstream activities, then gradually toward the very activities that the trust had been set up to oppose. In 1994 it gave $6 million to left-liberal causes and just $150,000 to conservative or libertarian efforts.” Michael Geer Too Testy? To the editor: Mr. Stern’s argument shifts throughout. He concludes, for example, that our fourth-graders outperformed their big-city peers nationwide in reading only because other cities have experienced more “white flight.” At the same time, he blames lower performance by white students to explain away New York’s shrinking achievement gap. He fails entirely to credit better minority performance for the shrinking gap, despite the fact (which he neglects to report) that our black, Hispanic, and low-income fourth-graders outperformed similar students not just in other large cities but in the nation as a whole. In all, 57 percent of New York City fourth-graders scored at or above NAEP’s Basic level, which represents “partial mastery” of necessary skills. The number needs to be far higher, of course, and Mr. Stern contends that our gains are “not exactly headline-grabbing news.” But moving children from functional illiteracy to Basic-level literacy at a higher rate than the rest of the nation is news and has put New York in the headlines of the New York Times. Education Week praised New York and quoted a NAEP board member as saying that our reading strategies (which Mr. Stern scorns) had “elevated the achievement of children.” Indeed, on the day the NAEP scores were announced, Secretary of Education Margaret Spellings applauded New York’s reading programs for Spanish-speaking children. This is the story that Mr. Stern does not mention. As he rightly notes, we (and much of the country) face real challenges, particularly in improving performance in middle schools. But we also hope that he is right in arguing that fourth-grade reading is the key indicator of future success. If so, the future holds considerable promise for New York City students. Stephen J. Morello Sol Stern responds: My article made an argument about a critical policy issue facing the city. Contrary to expectations, mayoral control has not brought greater accountability or transparency to the school system. Instead of using his power over a $17 billion education empire to spread accurate information about public education, Mayor Bloomberg has treated schools as campaign props and launched a slick PR blitz proclaiming instant success in the classroom. And now, rather than engaging this argument up front—say, by providing evidence that the mayor supports transparency and welcomes open debate of his education policies—the Bloomberg administration is once again blowing the same stale smoke about “record gains” on test scores. Mr. Morello starts by repeating the administration’s disinformation on the results of the 2005 NAEP tests. He says that our students “outperformed their peers in other large cities” and then concludes that these results “emphatically confirm our upward trend in achievement.” But anyone can see that the first claim has nothing to do with the second, just as anyone who actually reads the NAEP report will see that Mr. Morello is dissembling. Of course New York City students scored higher than those in Detroit, Chicago, and Los Angeles; they always have. The Bloomberg administration certainly can’t take credit for that. But with the exception of a small improvement in fourth-grade math (which was matched or bested by most other cities), our students did not show gains on the NAEP tests between 2003 and 2005. In the crucial area of fourth-grade reading, where the Bloomberg administration invested tens of millions of dollars in a dubious program called “Balanced Literacy,” there was no gain at all. No independent source supports the administration’s claim to have brought about historic improvements in test scores. Mr. Morello’s reference to praise from an unnamed NAEP board member is just more PR spin. That board member is Sheila Ford, who did not speak officially for the NAEP board. Ms. Ford also happens to be a protégée and booster of Teachers College professor Lucy Calkins, the progressive-education ideologue who has multimillion-dollar contracts to run Balanced Literacy teacher training for the city. As for the comments by Margaret Spellings, I pointed out in my article that because of its interest in showing that the No Child Left Behind Act is working, the Bush administration has been putting the brightest gloss on student achievement across the country. But New York City and its children derive no benefit from ignoring the faults of a school system walled off from scrutiny. The Marriage Gap To the editor: religious influence, traditional moral values, and political demographics. I would be willing to wager that “values voters” are overwhelmingly more likely to be married with children. It isn’t just a marriage gap; it’s a values gap. Scott Tuttle To the editor: Frances Moyer To the editor: Reading the article, one might conclude that a bequest from a rich uncle would do as much as, if not more than, a caring father. Evan W. Joshua Kay S. Hymowitz responds: I hope that this answer reassures Mr. Joshua. If my article doesn’t give enough credit to fathers, it’s not because I don’t take their role seriously. In fact, my article explicitly argues against the “strength-in-numbers theory,” the idea that marriage matters simply because it means two incomes and two sets of hands. But any analysis of the marriage gap has to focus on mothers for the simple reason that the vast majority of single parents are mothers. Street Smarts To the editor: All those wealth creators learned how to create wealth somewhere. Let’s think of education not just as an expense but as the best kind of investment for producing wealth creators. Scott Marriott Nicole Gelinas responds:
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